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Plant Ecol DOI 10.1007/s11258-009-9648-6 Patterns and carbon accumulation in the inland water-land palm acetone (medical) across the Orinoco lowlands, South America Jose San-Jose Ruben Montes Miguel

For most of the sampled sites, the acetone composition exhibited different trends, with carbon and nitrogen enrichment in the upper reaches of the distribution and decreasing carbon and nitrogen deposition towards the interior and in the core. At this site, more nitrogen was found in the core and lower layers while more carbon was found in the higher carbon and nitrogen-rich, lower sediment layers. Differences in the isotopic composition of the acetone were also observed at several sites, where acetone with ?14C Pb values ranging from ?0.7‰ to ?0.7‰ was observed at the core sites, while the concentrations of ?13C Pb values with values ranging from ?2.9‰ to ?2.9‰ were observed at the core sites and in the core. The most significant observation with respect to the terrestrial carbon balance was that the carbon balance of acetone was positive at many of the sites along the coasts and in the core, while it was negative in the upper core and near its interior. Conclusions Our findings have some interesting and possibly important implications for understanding the carbon dynamics of ecosystems, with implications for how we will manage and mitigate the effects of climate change and environmental degradation. Keywords: Orinoco palm, carbon, acetone, terrestrial carbon cycle, climate change, ocean carbon uptake, marine biogeochemistry, terrestrial or atmospheric carbon budget, water-land palm, Orinoco highland, Orinoco lowland, Orinoco system Background Plant-insect interactions, especially interactions relating to carbon dioxide availability, are important drivers of human plant-feeding habits. It has been well established that plants can directly or indirectly modify the plant metabolism by using their roots to increase carbon uptake or by increasing the availability of carbon substrate [1]. However, the role that plants alter the carbon cycle of the surrounding ecosystem is still controversial, as the main focus of our analyses was to demonstrate the carbon dynamics across the terrestrial carbon cycle [2]. These impacts on the ecosystem could not be inferred through simple modeling studies as the plant-feeding relationships between plants and invertebrates cannot always be predicted from their carbon budgets. The main limiting variable of these studies is the lack of a suitable plant resource, which may be related to the limited sampling conditions and time lags of a single or a few months, because of the long distance between sampled orchards and monitoring stations.

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