Get the free Initial localization of the memory trace for a basic form of learning - pnas

Pro. Natl Acid. Sci. USA Vol. 79, pp. 2731-2735, April 1982 Psychology Initial localization of the memory trace for a basic form of learning (classical conditioning/cerebellum/dent ate/interpolates

These experiments are aimed at providing an experimental design for behavioral studies in which the effects of classical conditioning/cognition and conditioning can be used to measure various aspects of neurobiology. Three protocols were used. The first, which was considered the baseline condition, involved 2-second epochs of paired training each time at random locations around a laboratory table. The second protocol was a 2-minute period of 1-second epochs of paired training. The third and fourth protocols, respectively, involved 2-minute period of 1-second epochs of paired training. The duration of epochs was 2 s and 4 s for the baseline condition and 2 s and 5 s for the three protocols. The EEG recording was made by using an Axon 903 electroencephalograph (EEG; Acted Scientific, Inc., Palo Alto, CA). Each recording consisted of 32 electrodes arranged in a 3-by-3 grid within a 5-cm cube surrounding center-posterior electrodes containing a mixture of potassium chloride (KCl), teramole (NTP, 0.015-0.06 mg KCl per unit volume), phenylidine hydroxylate (PHE; 0.1 M), and calcium. The KCl electrode was the middle electrode on the grid. The electrodes were placed in a water bath and maintained at 100% moisture throughout each epoch. The recording was started by closing a plastic seal which was fitted over an aluminum foil cap. Once the seal was opened, the water was removed and an air chamber was fitted around the electrodes. The EEG was amplified by using a 50-60 Hz, 150-microvolt reference signal from a high-impedance coil. The reference was kept near zero volts throughout the recording and the power of oscillation was adjusted to produce steady sinusoidal signals with a characteristic amplitude approximately 3 standard deviation below the mean power in the baseline condition. Data were collected on a P200 Series recorder (Hansen Sound Technology Corporation, Santa Clara, CA) and digitized by using PC software (NIH, Bethesda, MD). Each epoch was recorded once for each epoch for 4 s epochs, which was multiplied by 4. To account for variability in the electrode orientation, we made 10 measurements (1 epoch = 5 measurements) of the electrode position within the array in 4-s epochs. The EEG was recorded for 150 s during each epoch. The EEG signals were then decoded at the same sampling rate and digitized using a digital filter (Nuclei, Inc.

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