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[Music] each element on the periodic table is represented with its atomic number, and it's atomic to weight the elements atomic number represented here by the smaller value tells us how many protons are present in the nucleus of an atom for any given element it also tells us the number of electrons for the neutral atom because in an atom there is no charge so the number of protons and electrons are equal the atomic mass represented here by the larger decimal value can tell us how many protons and neutrons are present in the nucleus of an atom for any given element in a previous lesson we learned about electron shells and electron configurations in this lesson we shall learn about electron configurations of the first 20 elements and how this relates directly to the group and period numbers in the periodic table electrons do not simply fly around nucleus randomly instead they occupy specific levels called electron shells each electron shell can only hold a set number of electrons the first electron shell can hold up to 2 electrons the second electron shell can hold up to 8 electrons the third shell can initially hold 8 electrons though later on it can hold up to 10 more giving us the transition elements so in the case of a hydrogen atom it's one electron occupies the first electron shell for a helium atom both of its two electrons also occupy the first electron shell for a lithium atom two of its three electrons occupy the first electron shell while the third electron occupies the second shell for a beryllium atom two electrons occupy the first electron shell and the remaining to occupy the second shell in written form these configurations can be expressed as follows the values in these expressions represent the number of electrons in each of their corresponding electron shells now for an exercise see if you can draw the electron configuration diagrams for the following elements grab a pencil and a piece of paper pause the video and resume when you're ready now let's compare to what you've drawn now notice that the atoms for all elements in the second period have two electron shells you will also notice that the number of valence electrons that is the electrons occupying the outermost shell correspond to the group number for instance let us have a look at nitrogen is in group 5 and has 5 valence electrons oxygen is in group 6 and has six valence electrons so moving from left to right in the periodic table the number of electrons in valence shells increases by one electron are you ready for the next exercise let's try drawing the electron configuration diagrams for all the elements in the third period grab a pencil and paper again pause the video and resume when you're ready you will see the same trend for the group number and the number of valence electrons as you did in the elements for the second period notice that the electrons for all elements in the third period occupy three electron shells for potassium and calcium their respective valence...
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