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This document discusses the evolutionary framework for understanding bacteriophage classification and analyzes phage proteomes to establish a taxonomy.
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How to fill out The phage proteomic tree: A genome-based taxonomy for phage

01
Collect genomic data for the phages you wish to include in the tree.
02
Use appropriate software tools to annotate the genomes, identifying genes and their functions.
03
Conduct a comparative analysis of the gene content across the phages.
04
Choose suitable phylogenetic methods to analyze the similarities and differences in the genomes.
05
Construct the proteomic tree using the phylogenetic analysis results.
06
Validate the tree by comparing it with existing databases and literature.
07
Refine the tree by reviewing and updating the data as new phage genomes become available.

Who needs The phage proteomic tree: A genome-based taxonomy for phage?

01
Researchers studying viral genomics and phage diversity.
02
Microbiologists interested in the classification and taxonomy of bacteriophages.
03
Bioinformaticians developing tools for phage analysis and mapping.
04
Clinical researchers looking for phage therapy options.
05
Ecologists studying interactions between phages and bacterial populations.
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Key Terms Bacteriophage - a type of virus that kills bacteria. Virus - a submicroscopic structure that infects cells and hijacks their machinery in order to reproduce. Temperate phage - a type of bacteriophage that has a lysogenic life cycle. Virulent phage - a type of bacteriophage that has a lytic life cycle.
Phage genomes are composed of either DNA or RNA, which may be double-stranded or single-stranded.
Bacteriophage Structure The bacteriophage consists of a polyhedral head, a short collar and a helical tail. Head- The head consists of 2000 capsomeres with double-stranded DNA enclosed within. Tail- The tail consists of an inner hollow tube which is surrounded by a contractile sheath with 24 annular rings.
Genome structure RNA phages such as MS2 have the smallest genomes, with only a few kilobases. However, some DNA phages such as T4 may have large genomes with hundreds of genes; the size and shape of the capsid varies along with the size of the genome. The largest bacteriophage genomes reach a size of 735 kb.
A DNA molecule consists of two long polynucleotide chains composed of four types of nucleotide subunits. Each of these chains is known as a DNA chain, or a DNA strand. Hydrogen bonds between the base portions of the nucleotides hold the two chains together (Figure 4-3).
Bacteriophages are a class of viruses that target and destroy bacterial cells. Their general structure consists of a single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA genome surrounded by an assembly of coat protein subunits.
Bacteriophages are composed of proteins that encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome, and may have structures that are either simple or elaborate. Their genomes may encode as few as four genes (e.g. MS2) and as many as hundreds of genes.
On the basis of all available criteria, we conclude that T4 has about 300 probable genes packed into its 168,903-bp genome.

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The phage proteomic tree is a classification system that organizes bacteriophages based on their protein sequences and genomic information, allowing researchers to understand their evolutionary relationships.
Researchers and scientists who study bacteriophages and contribute to genomic data are typically required to file information regarding their findings in relation to the phage proteomic tree.
To fill out the phage proteomic tree, researchers must input the genome sequences, protein data, and relevant taxonomy information of the bacteriophages they are studying into the designated database or repository.
The purpose of the phage proteomic tree is to provide a standardized framework for the classification and understanding of phages, aiding in the study of their biology, evolution, and interactions with hosts.
Researchers must report genomic sequences, protein profiles, host specificity, and any related taxonomic classifications pertinent to the bacteriophages they are studying.
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