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Do et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:213 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/213 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access A new lysosome from the eastern oyster, Crassostrea Virginia, and a possible

In bivalves, host cell wall disintegration was hypothesized to play a role for digestion in the origin of i-type lysosomes (ILL). We report the new oyster, Crassostrea Virginia, with an i-type lysosome and two other lysosomes derived from host cells and an additional three additional lysosome types (1x, 3x, and 4x). We show that Crassostrea Virginia utilizes a unique fusion of lysosome forms to produce an ISR lysosome. However, the ISR lysosome is not dependent on the presence of a cell walls. Our findings represent an intermediate stage in the evolution of an ILL lysosome and suggest that Ills play important roles in the origin of bivalve digestion. Author Information Email Address: Received: December 7, 2009; Accepted: March 17, 2010; Published: April 20, 2010, Copyright: © 2010 Singing Due et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by the Canadian Institute of Ocean Sciences (COS), a grant to the U of C Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology (DOE) funded by the Canadian Research Council ( ), and by U of C's Department of Cell and Developmental Biology ( ). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Abbreviations: ISR, in Situ Replication Reaction; MEL, membrane-bound amphipathic lysosome; i-like, in-situ lysosome with reduced size. Introduction In nature, many organisms have different types of i-proteins, called lysosomes, that can dissolve the cell walls of bacterial cells, to allow passage of enzymes to a variety of digestive uses, including digestion of proteins [1] [2].

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