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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Volume 43, Number 4, December 201841GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION: EVIDENCE FROM TUNISIA ADEL BEN KHALIFA Tunisian Institute of Competitiveness and Quantitative
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To fill out direct and complementary effects, follow these steps:
02
Start by assessing the direct effects of a certain action, such as a policy or a decision. Direct effects are the immediate and intended consequences of this action.
03
Identify the different aspects or areas that may be affected by the action. This can include economic, social, environmental, or other relevant factors.
04
Analyze each aspect individually and determine the specific direct effects that are expected to occur. This may require gathering data, conducting research, or consulting experts in each field.
05
Once the direct effects are identified, consider the complementary effects. Complementary effects are the indirect or secondary consequences that arise as a result of the direct effects.
06
Look for potential positive or negative feedback loops between the direct and complementary effects. These feedback loops can amplify or mitigate the overall impact of the action.
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Evaluate the magnitude and significance of both direct and complementary effects. Assess their short-term and long-term implications, as well as any potential trade-offs or unintended consequences.
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Document the findings and communicate them effectively, ensuring that decision-makers and stakeholders understand the potential effects of the action.

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- Business owners: They need to understand the indirect effects of their decisions on various stakeholders.
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- Researchers: They need to study and quantify the effects of specific interventions or phenomena.
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- Community leaders: They need to make informed decisions that consider the broader consequences of their actions on the community.
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Direct effects refer to the immediate impact of a policy or action, while complementary effects refer to the indirect or secondary benefits that support the primary effects.
Entities or individuals that are subject to regulatory requirements and need to report on the impact of their actions typically must file direct and complementary effects.
To fill out direct and complementary effects, you should gather relevant data, follow the specific reporting guidelines provided by the regulatory authority, and accurately document the effects observed.
The purpose is to assess the total impact of policies or actions, ensuring accountability and understanding both immediate and broader implications.
Information such as quantitative metrics, qualitative assessments, and any relevant context that describes both direct outcomes and secondary effects must be reported.
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