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KARYOTYPE AND MICROARRAY REQUEST Paramedical Record #: Patient Name:Cytogenetics Laboratory UNC Hospitals; McClendon Laboratories and Department of Pediatrics st Rm 1071, 1 Floor Memorial Hospital 101

How to fill out karyotype and microarray

How to fill out karyotype and microarray

1. To fill out a karyotype, follow these steps:
2. Start by collecting a sample of cells, usually from the bone marrow or blood.
3. Prepare a culture of the collected cells and allow them to grow and divide.
4. Once the cells have divided sufficiently, arrest the cell division at metaphase using a specific chemical.
5. Harvest the metaphase cells and spread them onto a microscope slide.
6. Stain the chromosomes on the slide with a suitable dye to make them visible under a microscope.
7. Examine the stained chromosomes and photograph them using a microscope equipped with a camera.
8. Analyze the captured images to identify and classify the chromosomes based on their size, shape, and banding patterns.
9. Arrange the classified chromosomes in pairs according to their size and position them in a karyotype chart.
10. Finally, label the chromosomes in the karyotype and record any abnormalities or structural rearrangements if present.
11. To fill out a microarray, follow these steps:
12. Begin by extracting DNA or RNA from the sample of interest, such as blood, tissue, or cells.
13. Purify and amplify the extracted genetic material to obtain sufficient quantities for analysis.
14. Label the DNA or RNA samples with fluorescent dyes, typically different colors for control and experimental samples.
15. Hybridize the labeled samples onto a microarray chip containing complementary DNA or RNA sequences immobilized on a solid surface.
16. Incubate the chip at the appropriate temperature to allow the labeled DNA or RNA to bind specifically to the complementary sequences on the chip.
17. Wash off any unbound or non-specifically bound molecules from the chip.
18. Scan the microarray chip using a specialized scanner to detect fluorescent signals indicating the presence and intensity of bound DNA or RNA sequences.
19. Analyze the collected data using bioinformatics tools to compare gene expression levels between control and experimental samples.
20. Interpret the results and identify any significant changes in gene expression that may be associated with specific conditions or diseases.

Who needs karyotype and microarray?

1. Karyotype and microarray techniques are commonly used in various fields and situations.
2. Below are some examples of individuals or groups who may benefit from these techniques:
3. - Geneticists and genetic counselors who need to diagnose genetic disorders or identify chromosomal abnormalities in patients.
4. - Biomedical researchers studying the genetic basis of diseases or investigating gene expression patterns.
5. - Obstetricians and prenatal clinics performing prenatal screening or diagnosing fetal chromosomal abnormalities.
6. - Oncologists and oncology researchers studying cancer genetics and identifying specific genetic mutations in tumors.
7. - Couples undergoing fertility treatments or genetic counseling to assess their risk of inherited genetic conditions and determine the likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos.
8. - Forensic scientists using DNA profiling or identifying genetic markers to solve criminal cases or establish paternity.
9. - Veterinary professionals diagnosing genetic disorders or investigating the genetic diversity of animal populations.
10. These are just a few examples, and there are many other scenarios where karyotype and microarray techniques are valuable tools for genetic analysis and diagnosis.

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