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BERYLLIUM 19 3. HEALTH EFFECTS 3.1 INTRODUCTION The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with

3.2 PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER A number of agencies and organizations have been engaged in assessing the toxicity of beryllium and considering related public health issues. A number of federal agencies have sponsored beryllium studies; several states have established beryllium regulatory programs; two federal agencies have funded beryllium studies for cancer control. This chapter reviews these and other related studies, primarily from agencies or groups that support, monitor, and evaluate occupational, public health, and environmental health issues. A number of other federal agencies have engaged in research concerning the effects on populations and animals of beryllium. These include the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Toxicology Program, and the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Although specific questions or issues of concern regarding beryllium have been raised in each of these areas, we have attempted to provide an overall review of findings from toxicological and epidemiological studies that have been developed. Additionally, because the most widely recognized risk factor for exposure to beryllium is occupational exposure, this chapter includes a discussion on possible beryllium carcinogens. Finally, several chapters summarize the available epidemiological data concerning exposure and carcinogenicity of other beryllium-containing products. There are, however, also some limitations of this review and are listed in the body of the text. 3.3 PROBLEMS WITH ACCURACY AND ACCURACY OF EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THE PRACTICE AND PROSPECTS It has been noted that much of the beryllium literature contains results from poorly designed studies with small numbers of exposed and unexposed groups (1). In addition, many studies have used data that were obtained before the establishment of any occupational or medical control programs. In the case of cancer epidemiology, data are obtained from self-report, medical examination, cancer registry, and autopsy data. In some cases, the reporting practices of the original research centers were unreliable, or the data were obtained too late after the event for a meaningful evaluation. Some studies described in this chapter were designed to use the very small number of exposed individuals to provide information on possible carcinogenicity, but the exposure level used was much too high for meaningful evaluation of long term risks. The most pertinent findings are based on the limited range of exposure to beryllium expected in a typical working job.

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