A gene is affected if the expression level is lower when exposed to hypoxia than when exposed to an equivalent volume of oxygen. The degree to which an mRNA can be affected by hypoxia can be observed by measuring differences in the protein expression profile of the mRNA expression profile when the mRNA is exposed to hypoxia and the same concentration of oxygen. It is understood that some genes listed below may undergo an increased expression under hypoxia and others may be down regulated. Hypoxia can cause gene expression changes in a number of cellular reactions. Changes in gene expression can result not only in alterations in the protein and mRNA expression profile of the mRNA, but also in changes in other activities such as phosphorylation, nucleotide synthesis and trafficking of proteins and nucleotides. The mechanism of gene expression changes induced by hypoxia remains controversial. Several recent studies indicate that hypoxia may occur at cellular levels, such as in nuclei of neutrons and osteocytes, in the cytosol of cells, through alterations of the membrane structure and intracellular proteins and proteins that influence nuclear signaling mechanisms. Hypoxia may induce genetic changes in the mRNA and protein expression of the target genes by either increasing or decreasing transcription or by modifying their binding to the relevant regulatory elements. Changes in gene expression induced by hypoxia are reversible. Therefore, hypoxia may induce gene expression that is protective or deleterious, depending upon the context in which expression occurs. Several studies indicate that hypoxia does not affect gene expression of the target genes in the cells where there is little oxygen. Studies conducted in the lab indicate that hypoxia does not modify the expression of genes of the genome that are involved in normal cellular functions such as ion homeostasis, oxidative phosphorylation or the intracellular transport of cations or ions.
Hypoxia — General Hypoxia is an environmental challenge of the biological organism to produce specific amounts of oxygen by using ATP for electron transfer. The cells that are exposed to hypoxia include: brain neurons, glial cells, liver cells, muscle cells, vascular cells, erythrocytes, and red blood cells. Cells that are exposed to oxygen hypoxia include the following: Mitochondria ATP levels are reduced and DNA and protein synthesis are inhibited. Hypoxia may affect mitochondria, resulting in decreased energy and ATP turnover, which can have numerous effect on cell function.
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Gear ray Q Series Mouse Hypoxia Signaling Pathway Gene Array Cat. No. (Rad / Non-Rad)* MM-032-2 / MM-032 N-2 MM-032-4 /MM032 NN-4 MM-032-12 / MM-032 N-12 Kit Trial Standard Bulk Arrays two (2)
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