In addition to the frequency, wavelength and other factors, the propagation properties of specific types of cellular towers as well as the particular characteristics of their antennas play a major role in determining which types of phone calls are heard over a given area or region. In the case of landlines, the antenna is normally made out of metal, and so is subject to the propagation of light, just like the antenna of a TV antenna. However, in the case of mobile phones the antenna is usually made out of insulating materials so that it can be more easily disrupted by the propagation of microwave radiation. An increase in the antenna bandwidth will result in faster transmission speeds. Consequently, in some parts of developing countries the signals of mobile phones are heard much more quickly than in some locations. This phenomenon is known as mobile phone “tethering”, due to what is called a “tethering network”. Some people think the term is outdated, because the number of users of mobile phones is increasing, not decreasing. The fact that mobile phone antennas are now being made out of insulating materials makes it necessary for future devices to be made out of materials that are more resistant to electromagnetic interference. In addition, many new phone types will be created in the future, which will require further improvements in the way they transmit and receive their signals. We discuss the propagation properties of different mobile phone models, and how this propagation property affects the reception rate and the amount of traffic which an modulated signal can handle. We also discuss the physical phenomenon whereby a radio signal sent from the phone to a tower, can be amplified by its surroundings in order to be received by the tower antenna, thus causing the transmission to be faster than the signal itself. Finally, we briefly discuss the possibility of using a “dark cell” network in order to improve the signal reception of mobile phones. References 1.
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ARTICLE IN PRESS Physical A () Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physical A journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/physa Geographical dispersal of mobile communication networks Renamed
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