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5 THE PALEOENVIRONMENTAL SEQUENCE OF THE MIRROR BASIN IN PET N David Wall Thomas Schreiner Roger Byrne Keywords: Maya Archaeology, Guatemala, Pet n, Mirror Basin, Lake Puerto Arturo, Holocene, first

The site at Pet n presents a remarkable combination of characteristics in the archaeological record, with evidence of both Late and Early Holocene occupation, the presence of water sources, fire-resistant vegetation, and evidence of the use of a specialized pottery type (Figure) that is distinctive of the region's archaeological records. The development of a unique and sophisticated pottery assemblage from the Mirror Basin is evidence of extensive trade between Central and Northern Mexico, and perhaps also between the Maya and non-Maya cultures residing nearby—indeed, some pottery recovered in the Pet n region is attributed to Mesoamerican traditions (for example, the ceramic vessels for food preparation from southern Mesoamerica or the ceramic dishes used by the Nashua). The site at Pet n also has some of the earliest examples of the Maya tradition of “mirror work,” wherein a special piece of mirror is formed from several smaller pieces, and used for visual purposes. The mirror was used to reflect light from fire and as a reflection of the sun on the surrounding landscape—and also as a tool for breaking and pounding wood. The use of the mirror in this fashion is unusual in Mesoamerica; it was used for this purpose primarily for ceremonial purposes, and thus may have served as a form of religious communication and ritual. (Although the “mirror basin” is the most well-known feature of Pet n, the presence of numerous water sources on the low slopes of the region and the presence of vegetation that prevents most human occupation of the site at present, even during the dry season, also make it highly unusual as a non-European residential site.) The pottery type recovered here differs from all other ceramic traditions at the site, not exclusively the Maya, but also from other ceramic styles of northern Mesoamerica and of Southern Mexico (with certain exceptions as noted below). This type of pottery is unique to the Mirror Basin, and can be considered representative of all ceramic traditions of the Pet n region, including the early Late Holocene period (approximately 1000 AD to 900 AD) (Figure). As will become clear in this article, the high-temperature pottery produced from the Mirror Basin is characterized by an unusually high degree of color variation.

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